Bagpipes can be divided into two main groups "Mouth Blown" and "Bellows blown".
Both were developed using cane reeds and animal skin bags.
Mouth blown
As the name suggests the pipes are powered by blowing into the bag. The most famous of these bagpipes is the "Great Highland Bagpipe" but also included in this group would be the Spanish (Galician)"Gaita" and French (Breton) "Binious" . These bagpipes have had to developed a slightly stronger and more robust reed as the air that enter the bag is not only warm but also moist (due to traveling through the players lungs before entering the bag).
Bellows blown
In an effort to produce a more refined and stable bagpipe bellows were developed to create a cold / dry air supply . This meant that the reeds could be thinner and easier to play without losing stability. These pipes include:
Uilleann pipes from Ireland (capable of playing two octaves)
Scottish Small pipes, Border pipes (Scottish)
Northumberland pipes (English)
In recent years there has been a move towards the development and use of plastic reeds and synthetic bags. These have helped in the stability of mouth blown bagpipes. However the true test of a plastic reed is how close it can mimic the sound of traditional cane reeds!